Articles
EMC Standards
CISPR 22 vs CISPR 32: What Changed and Why It Matters
How CISPR 32 replaced CISPR 22 and CISPR 13 for multimedia equipment: the 2012-2017 transition timeline, scope merge, and the practical differences for testing.
EMC Standards
FCC Class A vs Class B: Which Limits Apply to Your Product
FCC Class B applies to devices marketed for homes, Class A to commercial environments. Compare the Section 15.109 limits, labeling statements and common mistakes.
EMC Testing
What Is a LISN and Why Conducted Emissions Testing Needs One
A LISN (line impedance stabilization network) gives conducted emission tests a defined 50 ohm/50 uH impedance, blocks grid noise and provides the measurement port.